MIDI to USB interfacesAs mentioned earlier, a typical MIDI connection is made through a standard five-pin DIN plug. Some newer keyboards have USB Type B MIDI ports, which means a standard USB cable will suffice for your computer interfacing needs.Figure 3 USB Type A-Type B interface Cables()Other DAW setups are equipped with soundcards that have MIDI ports, and therefore only require a 5-pin to 5-pin MIDI cable.Figure 4: PC MIDI soundcard(inta-audio.com)If you’re looking to connect a keyboard without a USB port to a computing device that doesn’t have MIDI ports, however, you will need a MIDI to USB cable. CHAPTER 2: MIDI to USB Types and Their Applications. Why Would You Need A MIDI-USB Cable?We may have already established that a MIDI interface is required to connect a keyboard to a computer via USB, but although that is the most common use of these devices, it’s not the only one.For starters, you might have a sound module whose output you would like to use in your current composition.
A MIDI-USB cable will enable you to send note information to and from your computer. That means you can post parts of your balance back and forth within your keyboard, equipment, and module.Figure 6: Interfacing a MIDI keyboard, module, and PCEven if you’re not recording, MIDI can be excellent for synchronizing events. For instance, if you’re performing using previously recorded tracks that also have tempo sensitive effects like delays, you can use your computer to sync them with the MIDI clock to keep everything perfectly in time.A MIDI-USB cable with a Mini-USB plug can also come in handy if you want to connect your MIDI keyboard to a tablet or smartphone. Your iPad can be a tremendously useful backup device for MIDI files.Class-compliant cables such as the Roland UM-One MK2 are compatible across different platforms, which means you can use them to back up your synth sounds and settings to your portable device.
That way, if your gear crashes, your composition and parameters will still be intact.Figure 7: Connecting electronic piano to iPad with the iRig2 interface(ikmultimedia.com) CHAPTER 3: How to Custom MIDI to USB Cable (Step by Step). Many DIY approaches to making a MIDI to USB cable exist, but only a few are likely to cost you less enough than buying a ready-made interface to make the work worth it. One of these is using the ATmega32u4 microcontroller board, commonly known as the Arduino Leonardo.While prior Arduino knowledge will make building your cable a lot easier, this guide is easy to follow, even if you’ve never tinkered with the platform. That said, some experience with soldering, multimeter use, and other electronics 101 stuff is essential. Step 1: Preparing Your Atmega32u4 BoardBefore making the connections, it’s recommended to start by flashing a simple USB MIDI test program to your microcontroller.
You’ll need Arduino IDE installed on your computer to program your device.The LUFA library for AVR microcontrollers like the ATmega32u4 will have everything you need to perform this test, and also to process your new adapter. Download and install.
Download the latest. Navigate to DemosDeviceClassDriver and create a copy of the MIDI demo directory here. You can name it ATmegamiditest.
Download ATmega32u4miditest.zip and replace the midi.c, midi.h and makefile files in the ClassDriver with the ones in the ATmega32u4miditest.zip file. Open Arduino IDE and navigate to this new directory. Run make to compile. Plug in your ATmega board. Short the RST and GND pins to reset the board. Upload the code to flash the firmwareStudying the system will reveal that the test looks at the RX pin on the ATmega board (pin PD2) and if its voltage toggles ON (VCC) or OFF (GND), the microcontroller sends a MIDI note OFF or ON respectively.
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So, if you short the RX pin to GND, the program should trigger middle C from “LUFA-MIDI Demo” USB-MIDI device. Step 2: WiringEvery USB MIDI interfacing device has an optocoupler to isolate the MIDI instrument and the computer electronically.Figure 9: 6N137 optocoupler and standard MIDI DIN pinoutThe top views of the 6N137 optocoupler and MIDI DIN connector are as shown in figure above. Use a breadboard/stripboard and jumper cables to connect the components as follows:. Pin 5 of the MIDI DIN connector to pin 2 of the optocoupler. Pin 4 of the MIDI DIN connector to pin 3 of the optocoupler through a 330-ohm resistor. Pin 7 and 8 of the optocoupler to ATmega32u4 VCC.
Pin 6 of the optocoupler to ATmega32u4 RX. Pin 5 of the optocoupler to ATmega32u4 GND. A 2Kohm pullup resistor between pin 6 and 8 (Signal out and VCC)Figure 10: Custom USB MIDI interface. Step 3: Programming the AdapterThe procedure of flashing the code is similar to the MIDI test in step 1, only that you will need to replace the standard midi.c, midi.h and makefile files in the ClassDriver folder with the ones in this zip: ATmega32u4midiadapter.zipAfter flashing the firmware, you should be able to connect your new adapter between a keyboard with MIDI OUT and a computer with USB, fire up your DAW and play away! Step 4: Final Touches (Packaging)Once you have your circuit working, you may want to make an enclosure for it, either by salvaging and being creative or by 3D printing.
Of course, a more compact assembly will mean a smaller and more manageable complete package.Figure 11: Compact packagingHaving followed these steps to the end, you will have made a cable that will work well for most, if not all casual MIDI-USB uses, at a fraction of what you would have spent for an off-the-shelf purchase. As you may have discovered, assembling a USB MIDI adapter from scratch isn’t exactly a walk in the park.In addition to the numerous points of failure in wiring and coding, your makeshift cable will probably not work with certain hardware-specific utilities, such as SysEx Librarian.Thankfully, you don’t have to go at it alone.Cloom is one of the finest companies that deal with specialized, high-quality cable fabrication, and they’re only a phone call or email away from fulfilling your USB MIDI needs.
Below is a breakdown of what to expect from Cloom. 20 Years of Professional ExperienceCloom has been in the wire-harnessing business for a long time, and its staff is well equipped to handle a variety of client needs, including electronics wiring, power cables, signal harnesses, and automobile circuitry. Official website:The professionals at Cloom will help you to understand the USB MIDI cable you want and will develop it while upholding industry standards. Guaranteed DurationAs a one-point source of wiring and cabling supplies, Cloom achieves customer satisfaction by ensuring quick turnaround and timely support, as well as high-quality, long-lasting products.Competitive PriceCloom promises its clients unrivaled service at competitive prices.
You may able and willing to fabricate a USB MIDI cable on your own, but a quick quote from the company will be enough to convince you to rest your hands. Rapid Custom ChannelsWhether you want to interface one or ten MIDI instruments with high-speed channels to your DAW, Cloom will help you develop the cable setup you need to get everything working together.