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Publication dateJanuary 2005Pages417 (first edition)Followed byWhole: Rethinking the Science of Nutrition (2013)The China Study is a book by and his son, Thomas M. It was first published in the United States in January 2005 and had sold over one million copies as of October 2013, making it one of America's best-selling books about nutrition.The China Study examines the link between the consumption of (including dairy) and chronic illnesses such as,. The authors conclude that people who eat a predominantly whole-food, —avoiding animal products as a main source of nutrition, including beef, pork, poultry, fish, eggs, cheese, and milk, and reducing their intake of processed foods and refined —will escape, reduce, or reverse the development of numerous diseases. They write that 'eating foods that contain any above 0 mg is unhealthy'.The book recommends sunshine exposure or to maintain adequate levels of, and supplements of in case of complete avoidance of animal products. It criticizes, such as the, which include restrictions on the percentage of derived from carbohydrates The authors are critical of approaches to the study of nutrition, whereby certain nutrients are blamed for disease, as opposed to studying patterns of nutrition and the interactions between nutrients.The book is based on the, a 20-year study—described by as 'the Grand Prix of epidemiology'—conducted by the, Cornell University, and the.

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Colin Campbell was one of the study's directors. It looked at mortality rates from cancer and other chronic diseases from 1973–75 in 65 counties in China; the data was correlated with 1983–84 dietary surveys and blood work from 100 people in each county. The research was conducted in those counties because they had genetically similar populations that tended, over generations, to live and eat in the same way in the same place. The study concluded that counties with a high consumption of animal-based foods in 1983–84 were more likely to have had higher death rates from 'Western' diseases as of 1973–75, while the opposite was true for counties that ate more plant-based foods. See also:The China–Cornell–Oxford Project—the 'China-Oxford-Cornell Study on Dietary, Lifestyle and Disease Mortality Characteristics in 65 Rural Chinese Counties,' referred to in the book as 'the China Study'—was a comprehensive study of dietary and lifestyle factors associated with disease mortality in China. The study compared the health consequences of diets rich in animal-based foods to diets rich in plant-based foods among people who were genetically similar.The idea for the study began in 1980–81 during discussions between T.

Colin Campbell at Cornell and Chen Junshi, Deputy Director of Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene at the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine. They were later joined by of the University of Oxford—Professor of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology as of 2012—and Li Junyao of the China Cancer Institute.In 1983 two villages were chosen at random in each of 65 rural counties in China, and 50 families were chosen at random in each village. The dietary habits of one adult member of each family were examined—half male, half female—and the results compared to the death rates in those counties from around 48 forms of cancers and other diseases during 1973–75.

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Reception , CNN's chief medical correspondent, said in his documentary The Last Heart Attack in 2011 that The China Study had changed the way people all over the world eat. Former American President became a supporter when he adopted a plant-based diet after a heart attack.Wilfred Niels Arnold, professor of biochemistry at the, reviewed the book in in 2005: 'The authors anticipate resistant and hostile sources, sail on with escalating enthusiasm, and furnish a working hypothesis that is valuable. In fact, the surprising data are difficult to interpret in any other way.'

In a written debate with Campbell in 2008, nutritionist argued that 'the fundamental logic underlying Campbell's hypothesis (that low animal protein diets improve human health) is untenable and inconsistent with the evolution of our own species.' Campbell argued that 'diet–disease associations observed in contemporary times are far more meaningful than what might have occurred during evolutionary times—at least since the last 2.5 million years or so.' .The book was reviewed by, a physician and who writes about, in a blog entry posted on the website in 2009. Hall argued that the book had references which do not support directly the claims made by the authors.

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She also stated that the book does not explain the exceptions to his data—for example that 'stomach cancer rates are higher in China than elsewhere in the world'. See also.Notes.

The book itself says on which page? it was first published in January 1995, but Amazon says December 11, 2004; see (first edition, hardback), publication date December 11, 2004, amazon.com. The book is 'loosely based' on.

Campbell published an article in the Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2000 in which he criticized a paper by based on data from the; Campbell disagreed with its conclusion that increased consumption of animal protein is associated with decreased risk of ischemic heart disease and criticized the homogeneity of the study population and its high-animal-protein diet. Campbell further criticized the application of pharmaceutical-style analysis of individual nutrients. Hu and Willett published a reply to Campbell in the same issue, in which they defended their finding that higher animal or vegetable protein does not correlate with higher rates of ischemic heart disease but instead correlates with slightly lower rates.

They also defended the study of individual nutrients as both possible and useful. In addition they cited Campbell's 1990 publication of China Study, saying that the 1990 study 'did not find a clear association between animal product consumption and risk of heart disease or major cancers.' They noted that they had advised caution with respect to giving advice to the public about the benefits of eating more protein, 'because a high dietary protein intake is often accompanied by high saturated fat and cholesterol intakes.' In 2010, in an article entitled 'Healthy eating guide,' Willet encouraged people to eat more proteins than carbohydrates, noted that there is no difference in the actual protein from animals and vegetables, and advised readers to choose protein 'packages' such as beans, nuts, seeds, and the like, that were not high in saturated fat and cholesterol.References. Parker-Pope, Tara., January 7, 2011.Bittman, Mark., The New York Times, June 29, 2011.For over one million copies sold, the chinastudy.com, archived October 18, 2013. Sherwell, Philip., October 3, 2010. Campbell and Campbell 2005, p.

132. Campbell and Campbell 2005, pp. 232, 242, 361ff. Campbell and Campbell 2005, pp. 95–96. Scrinis, Gyorgy. Nutritionism: The Science and Politics of Dietary Advice, Columbia University Press, 2013, p.

16. Scrinis 2013, p. 182. Brody, Jane E., The New York Times, May 8, 1990 (hereafter Brody ( New York Times) 1990), p. 1.

Campbell, T. Colin; Chen Junshi; and Parpia, Bandoo., The American Journal of Cardiology, 82(10), supplement 2, November 1998, pp. 18–21. ^, Cornell University, accessed March 31, 2012September 11, 2010, at the, Clinical Trial Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, accessed March 31, 2012July 25, 2011, at the, Clinical Trial Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, accessed March 31, 2012Campbell, T. Colin, et al., Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 27(2), 1992, pp. 133–144, Cornell Chronicle, June 28, 2001. Gupta, Sanjay., CNN, 25 August 2011.

Sherwell, Philip, The Daily Telegraph, October 3, 2010. Martin, David S. (video), CNN, August 18, 2011. T Colin Campbell, Am J Clin Nutr, 71, 2000, pp. 849–850.

Hu, Frank B; Willett, Walter C (2002). 288 (20): 2569–2578., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(3), March 2000, pp. 850–851.

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Skerrett, Patrick J.; Willett, Walter C. Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health. 55: 492–501. Arnold, Wilfred Niels., accessed August 29, 2011. Cordain, Loren and Campbell, T. Colin., Performance Menu: Journal of Nutrition & Athletic Excellence, 2008, accessed August 28, 2011.

Hope, Harriet (April 9, 2009). Yang, Ling (January 7, 2006). World Journal of Gastroenterology. 12 (1): 17–20.Further reading.

Contents.Synopsis According to the book, the western countries in general and the US in particular are controlled by a clique of international bankers, which use currency manipulation (hence the title) to gain wealth by first loaning money in USD to developing nations and then shorting their currency. The Japanese, the, the and others are attributed to this cause. It also claims that the has the wealth of 5 trillion dollars whereas only has 40 billion dollars.Song also is of the opinion that the famous U.S. Central bank, the Federal Reserve, is not a department of state functions, but several private banks operated by the private sector, and that these private banks are loyal to the ubiquitous Rothschild family.On June 4, 1963, President Kennedy signed an executive order, which, as an amendment to Executive Order 10289, delegated the authority to issue silver certificates (notes convertible to silver on demand) to the Secretary of the Treasury.

Song says the direct consequence was that the Federal Reserve lost its monopoly to control money.The book looks back at history and argues that itself is a conspiracy; it sees in the abolition of representative currency and the installment of fiat currency a struggle between the 'banking clique' and the governments of the western nations, ending in the victory of the former. It advises the Chinese government to keep a vigilant eye on China's currency and instate a representative currency.Reception The book has achieved bestseller status in China. Although acknowledging the book's huge popularity in China, the Financial Times described it as only passably entertaining and its thesis as far-fetched.Fred Hu, managing director of Goldman Sachs Group, said the currency wars were 'non-existent'.

He uses in his review words as 'a simple out of line, outrageous distortion', 'many errors, out of context, far-fetched, exaggerated, or simply speculate, uncertain', and the conclusion to this book as a 'melted mixed the ultra-left trend of thought, far-right tendencies, populism, isolationism, anarchism'.According to Zhang Jiayi, it could be argued that the 'currency wars' series of books' goal in promoting the conspiracy theory is precisely to meet the angry psychology of youth.The book has been criticized for promoting. The book says that have been conspiring to covertly influence historical events ranging from the to the, with the intention of increasing their wealth and influence. In this respect, the material echoes traditional antisemitic conspiracy theories such as, and like.

This is seen as rather unusual as China is not generally known for.Several Chinese-American scholars also gave the first book negative reviews. affirmed the reference values of the details the book provided, such as 'what the Rothschild family did, how impacts the financial sector has on a country's development, etc'.

However, he finds the author, by that time the structured finance department manager of Hong Yuan securities, lacks financial expertise to be qualified to prescribe China with future directions. Zhang Xin (/Ohio) finds the book rich in historical knowledge, of which many he would not be able to analyse, but as a currency and financial system researcher, he believes the framework of the book is completely wrong and criticizes the book as lacking in 'common sense'.The author responded to these comment by saying 'While many scholars have voiced their objections to this book, they are aimed at the details of the book, not its logic or structure.' See also. (book).References.